As a researcher and educator in microbiology and infectious diseases, I often came across the incorrect use of terms related to microorganisms and their activities. As a medical communicator, I still notice how words that may seem similar to each other may sometimes be used incorrectly.
Given the recent news on the discovery of the avian influenza (bird flu) virus in dairy cows and poultry, it seems appropriate to explain the meaning of three terms that are closely related but have distinct meanings.
Contamination is the mere presence of microorganisms on a surface, food item, or body system. The microorganisms can be either pathogenic (able to cause disease) or harmless. Contamination isn’t just limited to microorganisms, but can also refer to the presence of pollutants, radioactive material, or DNA. Contamination with microorganisms can lead to infection and disease.
Infection is the invasion of the body by pathogenic microorganisms, such as bacteria, viruses, or parasites. Infection usually triggers an immune response and may or may not lead to the development of an infectious disease.
Infectious diseases are conditions caused by pathogenic microorganisms that adversely affect the body by interfering with its normal functioning. Infectious diseases generally feature typical signs and symptoms.
It’s essential to use the right words when discussing emerging infections and diseases, particularly in reading materials aimed at lay audiences. This will ensure clear communication and prevent confusion and misunderstandings.
Want to learn more about the bird flu virus?
Read more about infections in humans: Bird Flu Virus Infections in Humans | Avian Influenza (Flu) (cdc.gov)
Keep up with the latest news: H5N1 Bird Flu: Current Situation Summary | Avian Influenza (Flu) (cdc.gov)
Want to read more about using the right word in health and medicine?
Search our blog posts on Word Usage.
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